Cem Topcuoglu (Northeastern University), Kaan Onarlioglu (Akamai Technologies), Bahruz Jabiyev (Northeastern University), Engin Kirda (Northeastern University)

Web server fingerprinting is a common activity in vulnerability management and security testing, with network scanners offering the capability for over two decades. All known fingerprinting techniques are designed for probing a single, isolated web server. However, the modern Internet is made up of complex layered architectures, where chains of CDNs, reverse proxies, and cloud services front origin servers. That renders existing fingerprinting tools and techniques utterly ineffective.

We present the first methodology that can fingerprint servers in a multi-layer architecture, by leveraging the HTTP processing discrepancies between layers. This technique is capable of detecting both the server technologies involved and their correct ordering. It is theoretically extendable to any number of layers, any server technology, deployed in any order, but of course within practical constraints. We then address those practical considerations and present a concrete implementation of the scheme in a tool called Untangle, empirically demonstrating its ability to fingerprint 3-layer architectures with high accuracy.

View More Papers

Measuring the Prevalence of Password Manager Issues Using In-Situ...

Adryana Hutchinson (The George Washington University), Jinwei Tang (Clark University), Adam Aviv (The George Washington University), Peter Story (Clark University)

Read More

LoRDMA: A New Low-Rate DoS Attack in RDMA Networks

Shicheng Wang (Tsinghua University), Menghao Zhang (Beihang University & Infrawaves), Yuying Du (Information Engineering University), Ziteng Chen (Southeast University), Zhiliang Wang (Tsinghua University & Zhongguancun Laboratory), Mingwei Xu (Tsinghua University & Zhongguancun Laboratory), Renjie Xie (Tsinghua University), Jiahai Yang (Tsinghua University & Zhongguancun Laboratory)

Read More

It’s Standards’ Time to Shine: Insights for IoT Cybersecurity...

Dr. Michael J. Fagan, National Institute of Standards and Technology

Read More

Resilient Routing for Low Earth Orbit Mega-Constellation Networks

Alexander Kedrowitsch (Virginia Tech), Jonathan Black (Virginia Tech) Daphne Yao (Virginia Tech)

Read More