Naif Saleh Almakhdhub (Purdue University and King Saud University), Abraham A. Clements (Sandia National Laboratories), Saurabh Bagchi (Purdue University), Mathias Payer (EPFL)

Embedded systems are deployed in security critical environments and have become a prominent target for remote attacks. Microcontroller-based systems (MCUS) are particularly vulnerable due to a combination of limited resources and low level programming which leads to bugs. Since MCUS are often a part of larger systems, vulnerabilities may jeopardize not just the security of the device itself but that of other systems as well. For example, exploiting a WiFi System on Chip (SoC) allows an attacker to hijack the smart phone's application processor.

Control-flow hijacking targeting the backward edge (e.g., Return-Oriented Programming--ROP) remains a threat for MCUS. Current defenses are either susceptible to ROP-style attacks or require special hardware such as a Trusted Execution Environment (TEE) that is not commonly available on MCUS.

We present µRAI, a compiler-based mitigation to emph{prevent} control-flow hijacking attacks targeting backward edges by enforcing the emph{Return Address Integrity (RAI)} property on MCUS. µRAI does not require any additional hardware such as TEE, making it applicable to the wide majority of MCUS. To achieve this, µRAI introduces a technique that moves return addresses from writable memory, to readable and executable memory. It re-purposes a single general purpose register that is never spilled, and uses it to resolve the correct return location. We evaluate against the different control-flow hijacking attacks scenarios targeting return addresses (e.g., arbitrary write), and demonstrate how µRAI prevents them all. Moreover, our evaluation shows that µRAI enforces its protection with negligible overhead.

View More Papers

When Malware is Packin' Heat; Limits of Machine Learning...

Hojjat Aghakhani (University of California, Santa Barbara), Fabio Gritti (University of California, Santa Barbara), Francesco Mecca (Università degli Studi di Torino), Martina Lindorfer (TU Wien), Stefano Ortolani (Lastline Inc.), Davide Balzarotti (Eurecom), Giovanni Vigna (University of California, Santa Barbara), Christopher Kruegel (University of California, Santa Barbara)

Read More

MACAO: A Maliciously-Secure and Client-Efficient Active ORAM Framework

Thang Hoang (University of South Florida), Jorge Guajardo (Robert Bosch Research and Technology Center), Attila Yavuz (University of South Florida)

Read More

Hold the Door! Fingerprinting Your Car Key to Prevent...

Kyungho Joo (Korea University), Wonsuk Choi (Korea University), Dong Hoon Lee (Korea University)

Read More

Prevalence and Impact of Low-Entropy Packing Schemes in the...

Alessandro Mantovani (EURECOM), Simone Aonzo (University of Genoa), Xabier Ugarte-Pedrero (Cisco Systems), Alessio Merlo (University of Genoa), Davide Balzarotti (EURECOM)

Read More