Hangtian Liu (Information Engineering University), Lei Zheng (Institute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace (INSC), Tsinghua University), Shuitao Gan (Laboratory for Advanced Computing and Intelligence Engineering), Chao Zhang (Institute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace (INSC), Tsinghua University), Zicong Gao (Information Engineering University), Hongqi Zhang (Henan Key Laboratory of Information Security), Yishun Zeng (Institute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace (INSC), Tsinghua University), Zhiyuan Jiang (National University of Defense Technology), Jiahai Yang (Institute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace (INSC), Tsinghua University)

Hidden web interfaces, i.e., undisclosed access channels in IoT devices, introduce great security risks and have resulted in severe attacks in recent years. However, the definition of such threats is vague, and few solutions are able to discover them. Due to their hidden nature, traditional bug detection solutions (e.g., taint analysis, fuzzing) are hard to detect them. In this paper, we present a novel solution EAGLEYE to automatically expose hidden web interfaces in IoT devices. By analyzing input requests to public interfaces, we first identify routing tokens within the requests, i.e., those values (e.g., actions or file names) that are referenced and used as index by the firmware code (routing mechanism) to find associated handler functions. Then, we utilize modern large language models to analyze the contexts of such routing tokens and deduce their common pattern, and then infer other candidate values (e.g., other actions or file names) of these tokens. Lastly, we perform a hidden-interface directed black-box fuzzing, which mutates the routing tokens in input requests with these candidate values as the high-quality dictionary. We have implemented a prototype of EAGLEYE and evaluated it on 13 different commercial IoT devices. EAGLEYE successfully found 79 hidden interfaces, 25X more than the state-of-the-art (SOTA) solution IoTScope. Among them, we further discovered 29 unknown vulnerabilities including backdoor, XSS (cross-site scripting), command injection, and information leakage, and have received 7 CVEs.

View More Papers

LightAntenna: Characterizing the Limits of Fluorescent Lamp-Induced Electromagnetic Interference

Fengchen Yang (Zhejiang University), Wenze Cui (Zhejiang University), Xinfeng Li (Zhejiang University), Chen Yan (Zhejiang University), Xiaoyu Ji (Zhejiang University), Wenyuan Xu (Zhejiang University)

Read More

SketchFeature: High-Quality Per-Flow Feature Extractor Towards Security-Aware Data Plane

Sian Kim (Ewha Womans University), Seyed Mohammad Mehdi Mirnajafizadeh (Wayne State University), Bara Kim (Korea University), Rhongho Jang (Wayne State University), DaeHun Nyang (Ewha Womans University)

Read More

Do (Not) Follow the White Rabbit: Challenging the Myth...

Soheil Khodayari (CISPA Helmholtz Center for Information Security), Kai Glauber (Saarland University), Giancarlo Pellegrino (CISPA Helmholtz Center for Information Security)

Read More

Vision: Comparison of AI-assisted Policy Development Between Professionals and...

Rishika Thorat (Purdue University), Tatiana Ringenberg (Purdue University)

Read More