Christoph Kerschbaumer (Mozilla Corporation), Frederik Braun (Mozilla Corporation), Simon Friedberger (Mozilla Corporation), Malte Jürgens (Mozilla Corporation)

The web was originally developed in an attempt to allow scientists from around the world to share information efficiently. As the web evolved, the threat model for the web evolved as well. While it was probably acceptable for research to be freely shared with the world, current use cases like online shopping, media consumption or private messaging require stronger security safeguards which ensure that network attackers are not able to view, steal, or even tamper with the transmitted data. Unfortunately the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (http) does not provide any of these required security guarantees.

The Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (https) on the other hand allows carrying http over the Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol and in turn fixes these security shortcomings of http by creating a secure and encrypted connection between the browser and the website. While the majority of websites support https nowadays, https remains an opt-in mechanism that not everyone perceives as necessary or affordable.

In this paper we evaluate the state of https adoption on the web. We survey different mechanisms which allow upgrading connections from http to https, and provide real world browsing data from over 140 million Firefox release users. We provide numbers showcasing https adoption in different geographical regions as well as on different operating systems and highlight the effectiveness of the different upgrading mechanisms. In the end, we can use this analysis to make actionable suggestions to further improve https adoption on the web.

View More Papers

Understanding Miniapp Malware: Identification, Dissection, and Characterization

Yuqing Yang (The Ohio State University), Yue Zhang (Drexel University), Zhiqiang Lin (The Ohio State University)

Read More

Misdirection of Trust: Demystifying the Abuse of Dedicated URL...

Zhibo Zhang (Fudan University), Lei Zhang (Fudan University), Zhangyue Zhang (Fudan University), Geng Hong (Fudan University), Yuan Zhang (Fudan University), Min Yang (Fudan University)

Read More

FUZZUER: Enabling Fuzzing of UEFI Interfaces on EDK-2

Connor Glosner (Purdue University), Aravind Machiry (Purdue University)

Read More

Feedback-Guided API Fuzzing of 5G Network

Tianchang Yang (Pennsylvania State University), Sathiyajith K S (Pennsylvania State University), Ashwin Senthil Arumugam (Pennsylvania State University), Syed Rafiul Hussain (Pennsylvania State University)

Read More