Christoph Kerschbaumer (Mozilla Corporation), Frederik Braun (Mozilla Corporation), Simon Friedberger (Mozilla Corporation), Malte Jürgens (Mozilla Corporation)

The web was originally developed in an attempt to allow scientists from around the world to share information efficiently. As the web evolved, the threat model for the web evolved as well. While it was probably acceptable for research to be freely shared with the world, current use cases like online shopping, media consumption or private messaging require stronger security safeguards which ensure that network attackers are not able to view, steal, or even tamper with the transmitted data. Unfortunately the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (http) does not provide any of these required security guarantees.

The Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (https) on the other hand allows carrying http over the Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol and in turn fixes these security shortcomings of http by creating a secure and encrypted connection between the browser and the website. While the majority of websites support https nowadays, https remains an opt-in mechanism that not everyone perceives as necessary or affordable.

In this paper we evaluate the state of https adoption on the web. We survey different mechanisms which allow upgrading connections from http to https, and provide real world browsing data from over 140 million Firefox release users. We provide numbers showcasing https adoption in different geographical regions as well as on different operating systems and highlight the effectiveness of the different upgrading mechanisms. In the end, we can use this analysis to make actionable suggestions to further improve https adoption on the web.

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Hangtian Liu (Information Engineering University), Lei Zheng (Institute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace (INSC), Tsinghua University), Shuitao Gan (Laboratory for Advanced Computing and Intelligence Engineering), Chao Zhang (Institute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace (INSC), Tsinghua University), Zicong Gao (Information Engineering University), Hongqi Zhang (Henan Key Laboratory of Information Security), Yishun Zeng (Institute for Network Sciences…

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Target-Centric Firmware Rehosting with Penguin

Andrew Fasano, Zachary Estrada, Luke Craig, Ben Levy, Jordan McLeod, Jacques Becker, Elysia Witham, Cole DiLorenzo, Caden Kline, Ali Bobi (MIT Lincoln Laboratory), Dinko Dermendzhiev (Georgia Institute of Technology), Tim Leek (MIT Lincoln Laboratory), William Robertson (Northeastern University)

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Problematic Content in Online Ads

Franzisca Roesner (University of Washington)

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