Kumar Shashwat, Francis Hahn, Xinming Ou, Dmitry Goldgof, Jay Ligatti, Larrence Hall (University of South Florida), S. Raj Rajagoppalan (Resideo), Armin Ziaie Tabari (CipherArmor)

Large language models (LLM) are perceived to offer promising  potentials for automating security tasks, such as those found in security operation centers (SOCs). As a first step towards evaluating this perceived potential, we investigate the use of LLMs in software pentesting, where the main task is to automatically identify software security vulnerabilities in source code. We hypothesize that an LLM-based AI agent can be improved over time for a specific security task as human operators interact with it. Such improvement can be made, as a first step, by engineering prompts fed to the LLM based on the responses produced, to include relevant contexts and structures so that the model provides more accurate results. Such engineering efforts become sustainable if the prompts that are engineered to produce better results on current tasks, also produce better results on future unknown tasks. To examine this hypothesis, we utilize the OWASP Benchmark Project 1.2 which contains 2,740 hand-crafted source code test cases containing various types of vulnerabilities. We divide the test cases into training and testing data, where we engineer the prompts based on the training data (only), and evaluate the final system on the testing data. We compare the AI agent’s performance on the testing data against the performance of the agent without the prompt engineering. We also compare the AI agent’s results against those from SonarQube, a widely used static code analyzer for security testing. We built and tested multiple versions of the AI agent using different off-the-shelf LLMs – Google’s Gemini-pro, as well as OpenAI’s GPT-3.5-Turbo and GPT-4-Turbo (with both chat completion and assistant APIs). The results show that using LLMs is a viable approach to build an AI agent for software pentesting that can improve through repeated use and prompt engineering.

View More Papers

LiDAR Spoofing Meets the New-Gen: Capability Improvements, Broken Assumptions,...

Takami Sato (University of California, Irvine), Yuki Hayakawa (Keio University), Ryo Suzuki (Keio University), Yohsuke Shiiki (Keio University), Kentaro Yoshioka (Keio University), Qi Alfred Chen (University of California, Irvine)

Read More

Content Censorship in the InterPlanetary File System

Srivatsan Sridhar (Stanford University), Onur Ascigil (Lancaster University), Navin Keizer (University College London), François Genon (UCLouvain), Sébastien Pierre (UCLouvain), Yiannis Psaras (Protocol Labs), Etienne Riviere (UCLouvain), Michał Król (City, University of London)

Read More

SSL-WM: A Black-Box Watermarking Approach for Encoders Pre-trained by...

Peizhuo Lv (Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China), Pan Li (Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China), Shenchen Zhu (Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China;…

Read More

COSPAS Search and Rescue Satellite Uplink: A MAC-Based Security...

Syed Khandker (New York University Abu Dhabi), Krzysztof Jurczok (Amateur Radio Operator), Christina Pöpper (New York University Abu Dhabi)

Read More